Is it possible to become popular in TikTok in a short period of time?

It depends on what you mean by "short term. If you want to go the honest way and get followers for quality content, then have patience, it won't be fast. Unless the video will be something very viral. Or you can reduce the wait a little bit and buy followers at tokrush.com and the service will do everything for you. You'll only have to provide quality content. I think I gave you a great method, use

Creating quality, interesting content, competent hashtagging, communicating on forums, reviewing, liking, commenting on other authors.